Landscape, natural beauty and the arts.

This book edited by Salim Kemal and Ivan Gaskell helped me to consider the relationship of the Field to me and my current practice.
Here are some extracts :
P10
..the visual arts of painting and film .. allow a particular access to nature that determines the object and the texture of its appreciation... the technology available for representing objects, determines the conception of nature and so of natural beauty.
Is textiles regarded as visual arts?
P14
The analyses of Barrell and Sitney suggest .. that an understanding of natural beauty and landscape that ignores their construction will end in nostalgia.
My research into the history of the field connected me with its history and its development from Breckland to cultivated agricultural land.
in the late 18c and 19c ..nostalgia took the form of including figures of rustics and their implements and their work on the land. ..including these figures was to suggest that no disjunction existed between the ideal image of the rural life and its actuality and offer reassurance about the state of the poor in England.
P16
Underlying this truck with nature was the fact that it had been cultivated, its harshness and jaggedness removed by the ...work of labourers. Nostalgia became more difficult; landscape bore again the imprint of God's grace and gift, but wrapped in some deadly threat that had to be overcome by taming and ordering nature.
Unburdening nature of the impact of history, of human engagement or of grace, landscape is simply another collection of sensations.
Would I have been drawn to this field before man had imposed his control? It was the shapes created by the lines of pine trees and the light between the shapes that first attracted me to stop. Then I learned that those trees were the key to open mans ability to control this land by reducing the impact of the wind on the soil.
P24/5
In Crawfords 'Comparing natural Beauty and Artistic Beauty .. he goes on to consider criticisms of the meaningfulness of comparisons between artistic and natural beauty. ..works of art are intentional .. requiring meanings and interpretation and criticism.. the aesthetic appreciation of nature .. is restricted to an appreciation of its sensuous surface. In nature no intention constructs these objects therefore they are qualitatively distinct from their artistic counterparts. two responses to this claim are possible : to argue that natural beauty possesses the expressive and semantic properties that art does or to understand art and nature on a continuum based on some general principle that makes comparisons meaningful.
An alternative mode of comparison may emphasize that interdependence of fine art and natural beauty. Some works relate to nature in that they depict it. Others directly make use of the natural environment in their artistic realization and are .... about their relationship with it.
This is where I can relate to Crawfords essay and feel that it has helped me consider my work a relationship and not a depiction. This has released me from strving to order and relate the parts of the design to reality but to see their relationship to each other as a pleasing sensuous experience.

So this is where I am at the moment.
Trying to combine and layer dyes to give the feel of winter.
Design the shapes of that field in winter that interprets rather than depicts.

This design is still too much of a depiction!

Experimenting with resist using clamps, wood and pegs but may try using the wax to have a more exact definition                                                                                                              

Sometimes the stain from the wood gives a useful colour but cannot be planned.

POTS AND DESIGNS

The eucalyptus is simmering away on the range in two different pots. I saw and bought 2 beautiful copper pans at a Fair but am not sure if the metal content of the pans will effect a change in the dye colour outcome. So decided to do a comparison by following the same method for both. I also bought some iron fillings and need to see if the will sadden the dye colour to create a grey. So half of the eucalyptus samples will be modified with iron water

 Aren't they beautiful?!! The first difference is that the copper pan takes longer to heat up but retains the heat longer!








I have been concentrating on the tracks left by tractors and by man on the field looking especially at the images on the day it snowed and layering my marks and designs with other aspects of the field. The stubble makes interesting lines and shapes even when you turn it around.

Tracing paper allows layers to be
built up and composition adjusted.

The layers of dye include nettle, indigo and blackberry which will not be colour fast but I want the bright colour from the berries to lift the other colours. The trial scarf, same fibres smaller size; gave me an idea of the order but the dyes need to be more definite without patches also the grey disappointing. But I think the combination reflects the snowy day. So more trials! I will do the wax first because the colour of the blackberry will be changed if it is immersed.

Now I must get the wax resist design from the tracing paper developed, first on wool delaine keeping to the dimensions of the final hanging.

Professional Practice

It is interesting that after what, 4 years of studying textiles and being product focussed it is in the last few months that I feel a real path beyond NUA. The Professional Symposium in the Ideas Factory also added to my new thinking.

I really can see the potential of having a studio post Masters in the Factory as it was explained, there are various advantages within the package. Incubation is a lovely term - makes me think of fluffy chicks! - for starting a new business idea with all the professional support/advice, the creative environment and the excellent facilities available in the centre. As I am thinking a service/ knowledge base/ workshop/ talk based business with a practical practice in natural dyes, the Ideas Factory may be just what I need! A really useful session and Sarah was very approachable. Funding session also helpful.
The Ph session has convinced me that isn't for me. Although I do love the research and feel there is so much more to learn and to discover with natural dyes the PhD is not the answer. But lovely talking to James and hearing about his work.

The afternoon sessions I went to were good for talking to others and sharing ideas. Sebastian had asked us to bring our CV's (it took me an hour to find update and load up!) but they weren't looked at - he went through a sheet about formulating CV's and thinking about their function. Useful but we can read through the sheet and more case studies and general discussion could have been really useful. However he has seen mine and sent me his observations. This is my next task to get one off to Head of Operations at St Edmundsbury Borough Council. So good timing!

Post MA and the Public Speaking workshops were more informal and more networking than structured. The post Masters time is something which many students find difficult and another reason why the Incubation centre is a good link out!!
 

DIARY

This is a quick post but can't believe I haven't been blogging for a week.
The tutorials/discussions/presentations have been so useful and resulted in lots of activity!
I have sent the Dean of St Edmundsbury cathedral a profile and images of the 'Unexpected Blessings' hanging hoping that I can interest them in using it within the cathedral and have contacted the Heritage Department with the view to discussing collaborative events. This is all in the direction that I feel is right for me ie communicating my research and interest in sustainable textiles from an historical as well as practice angle.

My final pieces are beginning to take shape and by creating a diary I feel that I have a clear record of methods and processes which can be replicated -

		DIARY OF FINAL PIECES FOR MASTERS
DATE	DYES	GREY COLOUR FROM : ·         Nettle + indigo ·         Walnut + iron ·         Rhubarb + BLUE FROM                           indigo PINK COLOUR FROM           crushed blackberry RESIST USING               adhesive or soya wax from Art van Go
9/5	SAMPLES to test resist possibilities	Blackberry dye bath used to test Soya Wax and adhesive. Temperature to melt wax etc. 100*c. Washed in hand hot water. Dye washed out! TEST 1 Was also heat pressed after adhesive added. TEST 2 Adhesive and soya wax only (Soya melts 110 – 140*c) Saucepan heated with boiling water from kettle to 125*c. Samples left in to let resists melt til water cold. B’berry colour washed out – silly me! Indigo next samples!
	SAMPLE SQUARES WOOL DELAINE	1.       Walnut shells dye bath heated sample added left on heat 10 mins then in dye bath til cool. Immersed in iron bath. Redyed using hot method then iron. Indigo but no real change in colour 2.       New Nettle tops dye bath scalded with boiling water ten heated to boiling. Strained and sample added to cooling bath. Indigo for 5mins 3.       Rhubarb mordant brought to simmer covered. Left overnight. Indigo for 5 mins
	SCARF COTTON	Dyed in B’berry (juices) dye bath. Not washed so colour remains unchanged.
	SCARF WOOL/SILK as per final piece	ORDER OF METHOD Soya resist line Crushed berries Grey dye Design Indigo 1.       Cellotape and soya wax resist lines on scarf. B’berry crushed spread between lines left 15 mins then berries removed and scarf left to dry. 2.       1/3 left in warm Nettle dye bath overnight
11/16	SCARF WOOL/SILK ditto	Indigo 1.       Dye bath adjusted to 10 Ph 2.       End 1/3 dipped into indigo 5 mins ie 1/3 over nettle and 1/3 indigo only OUTCOME: indigo seaped into berry colour.                     : Nettle/indigo green not grey.                     : indigo a bit patchy so will re dip. 1.       Rinsed in soapy water. Re dipped for 10 mins

                           AND ITS TIME TO START HARVESTING FRESH MATERIAL!!!

Review

After a tutorial which was to prepare us for the final section of our Masters degree I decided to go back and read the units that led to my current position and then evaluate where the final submission will be critically. So here is a resume of my journey of thinking!

It started with the Rana Plaza fire and an image of a river which had been polluted by the textile industry in China!

B7 RESEARCH REPORT 2014

When I watched the Panorama programme Dying for a Bargain and saw the images of clothing labels after the Rana Plaza fire (BBC Panarama, 2013) it made me reflect on my role as a textile designer who is trying to work both ethically and sustainably. I was also aware of my commitment as a Quaker to sustainability and ‘a concern for the Earth and the well-being of all who dwell in it’ (Religious Society of Friends 2011) I decided to find out how the fashion industry helps those who are committed to ethical practice and sustainability and to support that commitment. The Panorama programme uncovered hidden facts which were only revealed when clothes labels from well-known brands were found amongst the rubble.

RIPU 2015

The people who made clothes of plant fibres 2,800 years ago didn’t limit themselves to using agricultural plants. Researchers think they were conscious users of wild plants too. Until recently it was assumed that the piece of cloth from Lusehøj was linen, made of cultivated flax.
New studies using polarised light microscope techniques and isotope analyses show the fabric to be woven from nettle fibres, probably stemming from Austria.
This means that wild plants, not just local but imported ones too, probably played a bigger part in clothes production than previously thought.

When the first chemical dye was discovered by William Perkin in 1856 the skills and traditions of the natural dyer were threatened as well as the environment. My report looked into historical evidence and considered the importance of natural dyes as a factor in environmental and socio-economic development for today’s practitioner. Advances in technology and science applied to archaeological evidencing have had an impact on the ability to identify the fibre as well as the dye source from finds.  Geographical, historical and literary references to natural dyeing in Morocco compared with East Anglia indicate the relevance of dyeing in everyday life and identity across continents. The Report informed the direction and developed a deeper understanding of natural dyes within my practice.

ASU2 2015

Cultural imagery is the imagery that people within a culture have and use to interpret events. It is imagery that reinforces the narrative and beliefs of that culture.Researching techniques and tribal textiles.

HISTORY OF TOOLS
An important aspect of textile production is specialised know-how , which was needed from the Bronze Age and significantly from the Iron Age onwards, when particular methods of patterns and weave types appear. Also, trade was necessary to obtain imported dyestuffs.For Bronze and Iron Age textile production, a great deal of information about tools from archaeological excavations is available.
In Indonesia the main tools used for resist is the tjanting and the tjap. The metal cup holds the molten wax until tilted to draw the design.  For Iranan Chinese a ladao is used which is also made from copper to hold the molton wax but has folds of metal instead of a cup with a spout.

So I made my own tools!

RESIST TECHNIQUES

SHIBORI -There are an infinite number of ways one can bind, stitch, fold, twist, or compress cloth for shibori, and each way results in very different patterns. Each method is used to achieve a certain result, but each method is also used to work in harmony with the type of cloth used. Therefore, the technique used in shibori depends not only on the desired pattern, but the characteristics of the cloth being dyed. Also, different techniques can be used in conjunction with one another to achieve even more elaborate results.

So I went on a workshop and experimented with resist techniques

SNU
This was the unit that really advanced my knowledge and understanding of natural dyes. It also made me realise that if I wanted to interpret a design, like textile practitioners who use chemical dyes and fine artists I needed a colour palette that I could replicate. Therefore by centring on one plant I could understand how to effect change AND to consider sustainability in energy use and collection of raw material. So I chose nettles!!!

The colour range was significant and season, plant part a well as temperature were factors. So this knowledge can be transferred to other plants and dye sources. ALSO I am beginning to realise that 'natural' doesn't mean chemical free!!!!!

It was vital that my records were explicit and could be replicated as any research has to be reputable if it is to be shared with other professionals. I visited Head of Biology at UEA to explore further research.

There were also interesting links with the previous unit as nettles have been used as a fibre and as a dye.









ASU1
'The context of this unit will be based on the scarf. I will be experimenting with design, form, colour, image and materials.'
So now moving away from samples I started to consider context and experimented with techniques form and technique.

MASTERS
The Field became the focus of my attention and I found out more about the history of the area things like the rows of pine trees which are signs of mans ability to control nature. The visual signs from the field made me become interested in the changes caused by nature eg snow

and man eg ploughing which made the field a subject for interpretation.

The Bishops Prize gave me the opportunity to try to convey a message through my work and develop my practice and the possibilities for the product. Although I used a recycled shawl I used layers of dye to interpret the layers of history that I had researched to interpret ' Hidden Blessings' focussing on the line .. and the meek shall inherit the earth. This experience especially when I was stewarding revealed the importance of 'the message' in my practice.

SEMIOTICS
Beyond the most basic definition, there is considerable variation amongst leading semioticians as to what semiotics involves. It is not only concerned with (intentional) communication but also with our ascription of significance to anything in the world. Semiotics has changed over time, since semioticians have sought to remedy weaknesses in early semiotic approaches. Even with the most basic semiotic terms there are multiple definitions. Consequently, anyone attempting semiotic analysis would be wise to make clear which definitions are being applied and, if a particular semiotician's approach is being adopted, what its source is.
Living in a world of increasingly visual signs, we need to learn that even the most 'realistic' signs are not what they appear to be. By making more explicit the codes by which signs are interpreted we may perform the valuable semiotic function of 'denaturalizing' signs. In defining realities signs serve ideological functions. Deconstructing and contesting the realities of signs can reveal whose realities are privileged and whose are suppressed. The study of signs is the study of the construction and maintenance of reality. To decline such a study is to leave to others the control of the world of meanings which we inhabit.

Also as a live guide at the British Art Show I have been asked to research Adam Broomberg and Oliver Chanarin and interestingly their piece of work 'Dodo' is about the destruction of an untouched pristine piece of coastline in Mexico in the making of the film Catch-22. And related to the extinction of the Dodo purely because of the actions of man. My field has been touched by man and the signs are interesting to research and to record.

This Review has enabled me to clarify my practice which is not product based but is message based but may need to use the product to convey the message. Therefore the product will need to attract an audience and once captured it is important that the audience is held so that the message can be conveyed. This may be through labelling (which is where I started with my report into the importance of information held in the label!) or another form of publication. Or through workshops, displays and exhibitions.
Implications :
          quality design and use of natural dyes
          labelling and booklet that tell the story.